Cockney Rhyming Slang Essays

Cockney Rhyming Slang Essays Cockney Rhyming Slang Essay Cockney Rhyming Slang Essay Sir Winston Churchill one time observed that Americans and the British are ‘a plain people divided about a non-private jargon’ †¦ Conditions was that as true as when describing the Cockneys. You’ve certainly heard their stress, made well-known in the whole shooting match from movies based on Dickens and George Bernard Shaw novels to computer-generated gekkos powerful real gekkos how to go forth and sell car insurance. The Australian cadence has its roots in Cockney civilization, as they comprised a beneficent portion of prisoners who were shipped there through the British when they viewed the Berth Down Under as an unreal penal colony. Cockneys are the crafty characters from east London who admire those among their batch who can frame a living simply via ‘ducking and diving, join,’ which is their version of wheeling and dealing on a working-class level. To be a ‘accurate’ Cockney, one must be born ‘within the sounds of the Bow bells.’ That’s a indication to the St Mary-le-Bow Church in the Cheapside partition of London ‘proper.’ Their appear carries to a stretch of approaching three miles, which defines the Cockney digs recovered than any zoning ordinance could do. The arrange ‘Cockney’ foremost appeared in the 1600s, but its actual origins are vague. Its premier known reference was coupled to the Obeisance bells themselves in a patch irony that gave no sensible exchange for the association. Some think that ‘Cockney’ came from the essay second wavelet of Vikings, known as the Normans. These were descendants of the Northmen (’Norman’ was the French information in support of ‘Viking’) who settled in that faction of northern France that came to be known as Normandy when Ruler Charles the Plain ceded it to the Vikings in change object of ceasing their annual summer sackings of Paris. William the Conqueror was a Norman, and when he took England in 1066, a of consequence amount of French pressurize permeated the Anglican language. Normans often referred to London as the Take captive of Sugar Cake, or ‘Pais de Cocaigne,’ which was an allusion to what they gnome as ‘the orderly spirit’ that could be had beside living there. Ultimately, this gave bring into being to a dub as a service to being spoiled, ‘cockering,’ and from there, Cockney was a peremptorily unoriginal away. Cockneys are famous with a view dropping the ‘H’ from the start of words and abominable in the grey matter of every grammar doctor to go to their coining the order ‘ain’t’ to supplant the formal contraction in support of ‘is not.’ However, their most in perfect accord quirk is their unique and catchy rhyming slang. Explanatory note has it that, during the course of their ‘ducking and diving,’ they would then run afoul of the law. It was not uncommon proper for groups of Cockneys to be transported together to and from incarceration and courtroom, plainly in the party of policemen. So that they could represent unashamedly to each other and deny the officers any cleverness to construe what they were saying, Cockneys devised a word/phrase combine scheme that however the truly-indoctinated could follow. This became known as their rhyming slang. It’s simple, really. Instead of illustration: Dog-and-bone = blower Apples-and-pears = stairs Troubles-and-strife = partner So, if a Cockney wanted you to crack upstairs to disclose his spouse that there’s a phone gather in place of her, he’d quiz you to ’steal the apples and advertise the trouble she’s wanted on the dog.’ As a general observation, their craftsmanship is that the another tete-†¦-tete of a rhyming idiomatic expression is the affiliation between the ‘translated’ in sum and the first advice in the rhyming phrase, which becomes the report inured to when speaking. Sometimes, notwithstanding that, to highlight the word, the entire say energy be used. That being the case, if you are definitely exhausted and lust after to make a nub of it, you would vociferate, ‘I’m cream crackered!’ This is because ‘knackered’ is an English compromise concerning with a view being whacked; cream crackers, incidenally, go prosperously with tea. There are sober-sided dictionaries in search Cockney rhyming slang, from filch versions tailored as a service to tourists to online listings. Two good sites an eye to the latter are London Slang and Cockney Rhyming Slang. As with most slang, its vibrance is source quest of unvarying swelling and/or modification of terms, so the Cockney rhymes are always a toil in progress. People note of admonish: nothing sounds worse than a company attempting to over-Cockney their speech. If you’re belief of touring an East Peter out trade in or pub and want to reciprocate your respects by using the adjoining spoken, be prepared with a scattering elementary terms and deploy them with a grin only when the provoke permits. Otherwise, not being satisfied if you’re ‘winsome the Mickey’ out of them or just unknowing, the Cockneys pleasure most right sight you as a ‘promising Charley Ronce’ and modify away. Premised that ‘ponce’ is normal English slang for the treatment of a goose - which had its origins in describing a ‘luxurious bloke,’ conditions known as a ‘pander’ in modern times - you may foremost lack a ‘British’ translator to charge you what dispatch the Cockney was using. Not later than that term, you’ll no hesitate agree that Churchill wasn’t ‘alf Pete Tong (ie- wrong). In truthfully, he didn’t even need to refer to another country in ukase to be right.

Ionic vs Covalent Bonds - Understand the Difference

Ionic vs Covalent Bonds - Understand the Difference A molecule or compound is made when two or more atoms form a  chemical bond, linking them together. The two types of bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. The distinction between them has to do with how equally the atoms participating in the bond share their electrons. Ionic Bonds In an ionic bond, one atom essentially donates an electron to stabilize the other atom. In other words, the electron spends most of its time close to the bonded atom.  Atoms that participate in an ionic bond have different electronegativity values from each other. A polar bond is formed by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions.  For example, sodium and chloride form an ionic bond, to make NaCl, or table salt. You can predict an ionic bond will form when two atoms have different electronegativity values and detect an ionic compound by its properties, including a tendency to dissociate into ions in water. Covalent Bonds In a covalent bond, the atoms are bound by shared electrons. In a true covalent bond, the electronegativity values are the same (e.g., H2, O3), although in practice the electronegativity values just need to be close. If the electron is shared equally between the atoms forming a covalent bond, then the bond is said to be nonpolar. Usually, an electron is more attracted to one atom than to another, forming a polar covalent bond. For example, the atoms in water, H2O, are held together by polar covalent bonds. You can predict a covalent bond will form between two nonmetallic atoms. Also, covalent compounds may dissolve in water, but dont dissociate into ions. Ionic vs Covalent Bonds Summary Heres a quick summary of the differences between ionic and covalent bonds, their properties, and how to recognize them: Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Description Bond between metal and nonmetal. The nonmetal attracts the electron, so it's like the metal donates its electron to it. Bond between two nonmetals with similar electronegativities. Atoms share electrons in their outer orbitals. Polarity High Low Shape No definite shape Definite shape Melting Point High Low Boiling Point High Low State at Room Temperature Solid Liquid or Gas Examples Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4 ) Methane (CH4), Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Chemical Species Metal and nometal (remember hydrogen can act either way) Two nonmetals Do you understand? Test your comprehension with this quiz. Key Points The two main types of chemical bonds are ionic and covalent bonds.An ionic bond essentially donates an electron to the other atom participating in the bond, while electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally between the atoms.The only pure covalent bonds occur between identical atoms. Usually, there is some polarity (polar covalent bond) in which the electrons are shared, but spend more time with one atom than the other.Ionic bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.

DNA In The Criminal Justice Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DNA In The Criminal Justice Field - Essay Example The benefits of the stated, as well as the challenges that may confront its implementation, shall be explored herein. Violent crime is increasing and become more widespread. This statement is supported by statistics which indicate that there are an average 25 murders in the United States every single day, in addition to over 1,000 acts of violence, including rape ("World Murder Statistics"). Most of the crimes are solved and the criminals get their legal punishment but, in numerous other cases, the wrong person is imprisoned or the crime remains unsolved. Over and above, catching just one criminal and solving just one case involves hours of police work and costly investigations. In other words, the current method of solving crimes is costly and its results are not guaranteed. It is due to this that the US government should try to improve and enhance its crime fighting ability. As the United Kingdom as already in the process of doing, according to the Lancet science writer, Adrian Linacre, the United States should establish a criminal DNA database. This database which would, at first include DNA sam ples from all people guilty of any type of crime or suspected in a crime, would act as a reference for solving crime in an efficient and certain manner. With such a database, DNA collected from a crime scene can be matched up against DNA already in the databank and DNA collected from the new crime suspects (Linacre). On the one hand, this will help solve crimes much faster and, on the other hand, will protect the innocent from wrongly being accused and imprisoned. The United States, however, does not have such a databank at the present moment. According to the USA Today article, "DNA Database Could Help Solve Crimes," this undermines the ability of US police forces to solve crimes. As written in the article, "The United States is one of only a small number of countries that limit the crime fighting potential of their DNA databases by failing to include suspects and/or arrestees" ("DNA Database"). The reason is that the United States fears that such a database would be an invasion of privacy on the one hand, and that the widespread use of DNA in crime solving would be abused, on the other. While establishing a DNA databank and exploiting DNA science in fighting crime could be interpreted as a violation of privacy, can be abused, and may cost millions of dollars in taxpayers' money, the fact is that a DNA databank and the widespread use of DNA evidence in police work are invaluable in fighting crime; separating the guilty from the innocent, ensuring that criminals are caught and protecting society. Although the use of DNA as a crime fighting and solving method appears quite complicated, it actually is not and can be defined as a more accurate and advanced type of fingerprinting. As defined by Adrian Linacre, a human biologist, DNA refers to the material inside each and every human cell nucleus and which contains an individual's genetic print. That genetic print, or map, is unique to the individual, with the implication being that it functions as a definitive identifier. The importance of DNA, as a

Business Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Business Ethics - Case Study Example Additionally, it is one of the protocols of corporate principles and, therefore, failure to do so will lead to an unsound decision as it will be inconsistent with the principles. The second cause of action is to demand the disclosure of all reports and various programs whether they are just drafts or they are final for all the committee members to have a look at them. The advantage is that all the members who might not have had access to such information can have hence been aware of the information at hand. Conversely, the information that is supposed to be kept secret to the committee can be displayed hence violating the principle of confidentiality. In this scenario, I will not accept the offer of being bought lunch for the gratitude of all my effort from the senior account executive. The merit of taking such cause of action is because the acceptance if such will in some way act as a bribe and hence breaching the principle of objectivity. However, the decline of the offer will lead to the loss of my lunch that I was to receive. The alternative cause of action that I can take is the termination of the deal due to time lapse. It can be well-known that time is of the essence in such a deal, and any delay can lead to the termination of such a contract. The advantage of this action is that it will lead to limited wastage of time and enabling as to perform other important professional functions. Conversely, the action can lead to loss of promotion and lunch courtesy of gratitude for our efforts. The cause of action that I will take here is to take the respective milk from the supplier then check the serial number against that of the newspaper. If found to be the one listed in the newspaper, I will subject to contamination test. I will address the issue to the manager for necessary actions to be taken if found defective. The advantage of this action is to ascertain whether the allegations that are put in the newspaper are true or false.

Analysis of Asian American Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Asian American Essay The United States has become the most diverse society on the face of the earth. For more than a century, most immigrants to the United States were Europeans—Germans, English, Italians, and so forth. However, according to â€Å"Globalization and Contemporary Immigration to the United States† by Min Zhou and J. V. Gatewood, â€Å"non-European immigration to the United States began in the late 1960s and has accelerated at rapid speeds since the early 1990s after a long hiatus due to restricted immigration. † More than one million people a year migrate, mostly from Asia and Latin American- is transforming America into a multicultural society. At the same time, diversity became a distinguishing characteristic of contemporary Asian American. Cultural, social, economic and geopolitical factors have contributed to the diversity and also has brought new challenges for immigrants and their children to adapt themselves to the new environment. (Min Zhou and J. V. Gatewood) There are four aspects about â€Å"the development of a coherent vision for future Asian American† as what Min Zhou and J. V. Gatewood described. Firstly, variously national origins, which make impact on both the immigrant generation and the second and third generation in language and religions. Secondly, socioeconomic diversity brings about different kinds of mobility patterns. Thirdly, diverse settlement modes influence the development of Asian American community. Finally, â€Å"immigration complicates intergenerational relations and ethnic solidarity. † As what Min Zhou and J. V. Gatewood referred, â€Å"the Philippines, China/Taiwan, Korea, India, and Vietnam have been on the list of top-ten sending countries since 1980. †Even though there were different kinds of laws to restrict immigration from the â€Å"Asian-Pacific triangle†, Asian immigrants found other ways to become eligible citizen. For example, marrying white Americans. With the development of globe economy, the U. S. immigration policy had been changed. On the one hand, the United States sought cheaper labor and resources abroad to develop the globalization of its economy. â€Å"Since the 1980s, about on e-third of the engineers and medical personnel in the U. S. labor market have come from abroad-mostly from India, China, Taiwan and the Philippines. † (Min Zhou and J.V. Gatewood) Further, more and more Asian study abroad, therefore, many international students, namely, foreign students, had found permanent employment in America so that they could stay here. On the other hand, globalization had played a significant role in immigration. For one thing, developing countries’ economics and occupational structures were interposed by the U. S. investment. The U. S. imported the abroad material and then processed, finally, exported to those developing countries. For another thing, with the increase number of labor demand, rural-urban migration increased rapidly.

insane narrator :: essays research papers

The Insane Narrator Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston Massachusetts. His parents David Poe Jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins, both died when Edgar was very young. Calvin Thomas published Poe’s first book, Tamerlane and other Poems in Boston in 1827. His first real job was the editor of Thomas W. White’s Southern Literary Messenger where he worked for nearly a year. In 1836, he was married to his 13-year-old cousin. He wrote many short stories including the Tell-Tale Heart in 1843, which is about a murderer who is subconsciously haunted into confessing what he just did. He died on October 7, 1849 in Baltimore. The narrator is insane because of his unnatural preoccupation with the eye, his distorted logic, and the hearing of voices and sounds, which reveal the madness. For some strange reason, the narrator was obsessed with the old man’s eye. He wasn’t even certain on how it started, but to him, it was an eye of a vulture. The old man was going to be murdered because of his pale blue eye. Infact, for seven straight nights at midnight the eye was closed. It wasn’t until finally on the eighth night when the narrator’s thumb slipped on the tin fastening, which woke up the old man. He grew furious when he did see the eye and new inside that he must murder this old man because of his eye. It is hard to imagine why a person’s eye would bother another person enough to kill, but some people are truly insane. His logic was distorted, so to him, the murder of the old man was the only thing that could soothe his pain. He then made the decision to only kill him when he saw his eye. This took him eight days, though I’m sure he would have done it the first night if he had the chance. While he was killing the old man, he had a smile on his face. The murder of the old man was justified.One might think that the narrator needed to murder something for a reason. The reason for killing the old man was absurd, but it worked for him. He also heard voices that would haunt him day and night. Those voices told him the eye was evil, and that he was doing the right thing. He would also hear a groan of terror many nights at midnight.

Contrastive Lexicology Essay

1. Lexicology and linguistics. Contrastive lexicology, object, aim, and tasks. 2. The history of contrastive lexicology, main units and terms. Ukrainian scientists, manuals, observing. 3. Language and vocabulary. The branches of Contrastive Lexicology. 4. Structural aspects of a word: External and Internal structure. Scientific methods to leant English and Ukrainian words in Comparison. 5. The semantic unity of a word. Polysemy: types of semantic component. Sema, Semema, semantic field. 6. The main scientific aspects: syntagmatics and paradigmatics in Contrastive lexicology. 7. Contrastive lexicology and Lexicography. 8. Structure of the vocabulary of modern English and Ukrainian. The main groups of words. Colloquial words, the main stock of English and Ukrainian Vocabulary. 9. Morphemic structure of a word. Morpheme. Allomorph. Morph. 10. English and Ukrainian principles to analyze word structure. Productive and unproductive morphemes. 11. Neologisms, Historicisms and archaisms, their place in English and Ukrainian vocabulary. 12. Etymology as a branch of Lexicology, objective and tasks. Etymological structure of English and Ukrainian vocabulary in comparison. Indo-European element. 13. Word-building in english and ukrainian. Affixation 14. Semantics as a branch of lexicology, its goals and tasks. 15. Etymological structure of English and Ukrainian vocabulary; borrowed and native elements; loan words, Etymological doublets and triplets. 16. Etymology: peculiar features of international words. International words in translation. 17. Denotative and connotative meaning of a word. Bilingual dictionaries in translating and interpreting. Printed and electronic dictionaries. 18. Word-formation: productive ways to derive words in English and Ukrainian: Composition. 19. Word-formation: reduplication, back-formation. 29. General ways to enrich English and Ukrainian vocabulary. Nonce-words, Euphemisms, word-groups with transferred meanings. 35. Semantics: Types of semantic component; the processes of Development and Change of Meaning in English and Ukrainian. 36. Semantics: Kinds of transference (based on resemblance and based on contiguity); broadening and narrowing of Meaning. 37. Synonyms in English and Ukrainian vocabulary; Hypheronyms and Hyponyms. The Dominant Synonyms. 38. Isomophism and allomorphism in contrastive lexicology as basic principles. Branches of Contrastive Lexicology. 39. English and Ukrainian idioms, phraseologisms, usage, way of interpreting. 1. Lexicology and linguistics. Contrastive lexicology, object, aim, and tasks. Lexicology is that part of linguistics which studies words, their nature and meaning, words’ elements, relations between words (semantical relations), words groups and the whole lexicon. LG is a branch of linguistics and has its own aims and methods of scientific research. Its basic task is to study and descript systematically the vocabulary in respect to its origin, development and current use. Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language. Linguistics is narrowly defined as the scientific approach to the study of language, but language can be approached from a variety of directions, and a number of other intellectual disciplines are relevant to it and influence its study. The Contrastive and Comparative LG – their aims are to study the correlation between the vocabularies of 2 or more languages and find out the correspondences between the vocabulary units. The task of Contrastive lexicology is â€Å"to compare linguistic accounts stated, within the same lexicological framework, of the lexical competence necessarily possessed by speakers of the two languages concerned†. Aim: To conduct a comparative-synchronic comparison of lexical items and events, to highlight common features in the lexicon of two languages. Explore lexical linguistic phenomenon (trends words) and discover the peculiarities of the national outlook. Object: lexical units of the two languages. Subject: different aspects (origin of word morphemic structure, lexical change trend values), phenomena or processes (common features). 2. The history of contrastive lexicology, main units and terms. Ukrainian scientists, manuals, observing. The term â€Å"Lexicology† first was introduced in the French D. Diderot and d’Alembert’s encyclopedia in 1765. However, as a separate part of Linguistics, Lexicology appeared relatively recently. At the beginning of 20 century, an American linguist Leonard Bloomfield thought that linguistics in general should not engage in semantics. Ukrainian scientists presented the Kiev and Kharkov school: Ðâ€"Ð »Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'‚Ð µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ¾, ГÐ ¾Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ¾Ã ²Ã' Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¸Ã ¹, Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ¹Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¾Ã º, КÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ½Ã µÃ'†Ã'Å', БÃ'Æ'Ð ±Ã »Ã µÃ ¹Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º, КÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ¾. The second half of 19 century. Stylistics, grammar, lexicology are contrastive . 3. Language and vocabulary. The branches of Contrastive Lexicology. Lexicography is the science and art of compiling dictionary. The first book published under the English title Dictionary was Latin-English Dictionary by Sir Thomas Elyot (1538). For a medieval scholar a dictionary was a collection of diction or phrases put together for the use of pupils studying Latin. One of the purposes of dictionary in medieval times was glossing texts and employing synonyms for them. Dictionaries are prepared to serve different practical needs of the people. A reader looks at the dictionary mainly from the following points of view: (1) as a reference book for different types of information on words e.g. pronunciation, etymology, usage etc. this may be called the store house function of the dictionary. (2) as a reference point for distinguishing the good or proper usage from the bad or wrong usage. This is the legislative or the court house function of the dictionary. Branches: The General LG – the general study of words and vocabulary. Linguistic phenomena and properties common to all languages are generally referred as language universals. The Special LG – is the LG of a particular language. That’s the study of and description of its vocabulary and vocabulary units. The Historical LG – the evolution of any vocabulary. It discusses the origin of various words, their change and development, investigates linguistics and extra linguistics forces. The object – its single elements, modifying their structure, meaning and usage. The Contrastive and Comparative LG – their aims are to study the correlation between the vocabularies of 2 or more languages and find out the correspondences between the vocabulary units. The descriptive LG – deals with the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development. LG also studies all kinds of semantic grouping and semantic relations such as synonymy, ant onymy, homonymy, semantic fields. Meaning relations as a whole are dealed within semantics – the Study of meaning. 4. Structural aspects of a word: External and Internal structure. Scientific methods to leant English and Ukrainian words in Comparison. The word can be seen in terms of its internal and external structures. The external structure of the word – its its morphemic composition. It is considered in terms of free and bound morphemes. The Units of external structure are the structure of prefixes, suffixes, roots, foundations, and their combination of lexical items in two languages. The external structure of the word – is a study of Word Formation. Word Formation in English and Ukrainian language has much in common, and words often have similar structure. Considerable Amount of prefixes and suffixes are unique in two languages (writer; student; teacher – Ð ¿Ã ¸Ã' Ã'Å'Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º; Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚; Ð ²Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'), part of Ukrainian suffixes (suffix system and the Ukrainian language is much more developed and richer than Engl ish) has not derivational analogy in English (Ã' Ã ¾Ã ½Ã'†Ð µ Ã'â€" Ã' Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ'‡Ð ºÃ ¾, Ã'…Ð ²Ã ¸Ã »Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ° Ã'â€" Ã'…Ð ²Ã ¸Ã »Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ °). Internal structure of words – its its meaning, views and values of its shades, are seing in part of lexicology called semasiology. Some words has quite clear phonetic motivation: buzz, splash, snore and Ð ´Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ¶Ã'‡Ð °Ã'‚Ð ¸, Ã'…Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ¿Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸, Ã'…Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã'â€"Ã'‚Ð ¸ – and the imitation of sounds of two languages (similar in nature) may be different Ukrainian people hear in snoring Ã'…Ã'€(Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ¼.Ã'€Ð µÃ ´. Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ã'â€"Ã' Ã º Ð ¿Ã'â€", Ð ° Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ'€ Ð »Ã'â€"Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð ¸ Ã'…Ã'€), and British people hear s..r. Distributive analysis – a method of language-based learning environments of all possible linguistic units, the words in the text (excluding notional side words).(e.g. man – Adj+N(boring man), work – V+Adv(to work slowly).) Analysis of the direct components – a unit of linguistic analysis by its representation as a nested hierarchy of elements from each ot her, forming a structure. Thus, in the case of non-governmental words we first distinguish two components – non /-governmental, as it is formed from the word non-government, then government / al, and finally govern / ment. Component analysis – a method of linguistic analysis of lexical units, lexical expansion and the value of the minimal semantic components and representation of lexical meaning (e.g. a nose – denotative – Ð ½Ã ¾Ã' , to nose connotative – Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã'ŽÃ'…Ð ¸Ã ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã' Ã' ). Transform analysis – is to change language unit into a unit with another structure without changing the content(e.g. to give help – to help; to play visit – to come). In the Ukrainian language you can determine the status characteristic phrases Ð ½Ã °Ã ´Ã °Ã ²Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã'Æ' – Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã °Ã ³Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸ (Ð °Ã ºÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¹ Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ½), Ð ° Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã'Æ'Ð ²Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã'Æ' (Ð ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¹) there is no one-word expression. 5. The semantic unity of a word. Polysemy: types of semantic component. Sema, Semema, semantic field. The semantic unity of a compound word is often very strong. In such cases we have idiomatic compounds where the meaning of the whole is not a sum of meanings of its components, e.g. to ghostwrite, skinhead, brain-drain etc. In nonidiomatic compounds semantic unity is not strong, e. g., airbus, to bloodtransfuse, astrodynamics etc. Polysemy is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) or signs to have multiple meanings (sememes), i.e., a large semantic field. Types of Semantic Components: The leading semantic component in the semantic structure of a word is usually termed denotative component. The denotative component expresses the conceptual content of a word.(e.g. lonely, adj. – alone, without company , to glance, v.- to look). It is quite obvious that the definitions only partially and incompletely describe the meanings of their corresponding words. They do not give a more or less full picture of the meaning of a word. To do it, it is necessary to include in the scheme of analysis additional semantic components which are termed connotations or connotative components. Grammatical meaning is a meaning which comes to the fore in the words with different lexical meaning, and brings them into one row: apples, tables, books, birds – grammatical meaning of plurality; was, went, ate, did, slept, knew – grammatical meaning of past tense. Lexical meaning – is a meaning which combines different grammatical forms of a word into one paradigm: to be, was, were, been, is, are; apple, apples, apple’s. Seme – an elementary semantic feature, a minimal unit of meaning. Sememe – a set of semes recognizable in a given word. A semantic field is a technical term in the discipline of linguistics to describe a set of words grouped in a certain way. 6. The main scientific aspects: syntagmatics and paradigmatics in Contrastive lexicology. Syntagmatics – linear (simultaneous) relationship of words in speech as distinct from associative (non-simultaneous) relationship of words in language. Paradigmatics – 1) associative (non-simultaneous) relationship of words in language as distinct from linear (simultaneous) relationship of words in speech (syntagmatics); relation of units in absentia (e.g. synonymic, antonymic relationships); 2) an approach to language when the elements of its system are regarded as associated units joined by oppositional relationship.Word-meaning in syntagmatics and paradigmatics Intralinguistic relations of words are basically of 2 types: syntagmatic and paradigmatic. Syntagmatic relations define the meaning the word possesses when it is used in combination with other words in the flow of speech. Paradigmatic relations are those that exist between individual lexical items which make up one of the subgroups of vocabulary items (sets of synonyms, lexico-semantic groups, etc.). Syntagmatic relations Paradigmatic relations He got a letter. I received a note. She obtained an epistle. 7. Contrastive lexicology and Lexicography. Lexicology is that part of linguistics which studies words, their nature and meaning, words’ elements, relations between words (semantical relations), words groups and the whole lexicon. The Contrastive LG – is a branch of lexicology. Its aim is to study the correlation between the vocabularies of 2 or more languages and find out the correspondences between the vocabulary units. Lexicography is an important branch of linguistics which covers the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries. Lexicography is divided into two related disciplines: Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries. Theoretical lexicography is the scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing the semantic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language, developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries, the needs for information by users in specific types of situati on, and how users may best access the data incorporated in printed and electronic dictionaries. 8. Structure of the vocabulary of modern English and Ukrainian. The main groups of words. Colloquial words, the main stock of English and Ukrainian Vocabulary. Compiling the dictionary included a conceptual framework of its own language (lexical, grammatical), and sociolinguistic aspects are closely interrelated. Most vocabulary words gives the collection of one or another language in alphabetical order. There are dictionaries in which words are represented nested system, it means that in a lexical article are all derived words derived from one root word. There are even inversion dictionaries – in the words given them by letter words end.The whole of the word-stock of the English language can be divided into three main layers: the literary layer, the neutral layer and the colloquial layer. The literary and colloquial layers contain a number of subgroups each of which has a property it shares with all the subgroups within the layer. The aspect of the literary layer is its markedly bookish character. The aspect of the colloquial layer is its lively spoken character which makes the layer unstable. The aspect of the neutral layer is its universal character. That means it is unrestricted in its use. It can be used in all styles of the language. It is this feature that makes the layer the most stable of all. The subgroups of the special literary vocabulary are the following: terms, poetical words, foreignisms and barbarisms(non-assimilated words that are known to everyone(tet-a-tet, Ð ¼Ã µÃ'€Ã' Ã'â€" Ð ±Ã ¾Ã ºÃ'Æ'), archaic words(woe (sorrow), nigh (near)), nonce-words. The subgroups of the special colloquial layer are such: dialectical words, vulgarisms, slang, jargon, professionalisms, nonce-words. 9. Morphemic structure of a word. Morpheme. Allomorph. Morph. The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of form. A form in these cases a recurring discrete unit of speech. Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist of single morpheme. Words that consist of a root and an affix are called derived words or derivatives and are produced by the process of word building known as affixation (or derivation). The root-morpheme is the lexical nucleus of the word; it has a very general and abstract lexical meaning common to a set of semantically related words constituting one word-cluster, e.g. (to) teach, teacher, teaching. Affixational morphemes include inflectional affixes or inflections and derivational affixes. Inflections carry only grammatical meaning and are thus relevant only for the formation of word-forms. Derivational affixes are relevant for building various types of words. They are lexically always dependent on the root which they modify. An allomorph is a linguistics term for a variant form of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changing meaning. It is used in linguistics to explain the comprehension of variations in sound for a specific morpheme. Allomorph is also defined as a positional variant of a morpheme occurring in a specific environment and so characterized by complementary description. Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called a morph. 10. English and Ukrainian principles to analyze word structure. Productive and unproductive morphemes. In most cases the morphemic structure of words is transparent enough and individual morphemes clearly stand out within the word. The segmentation of words is generally carried out according to the method of Immediate and Ultimate Constituents. This method is based on the binary principle, i.e. each stage of the procedure involves two components the word immediately breaks into. At each stage these two components are referred to as the Immediate Constituents. Each Immediate Constituent at the next stage of analysis is in turn broken into smaller meaningful elements. The analysis is completed when we arrive at constituents incapable of further division, i.e. morphemes. These are referred to Ultimate Constituents. The analysis of word-structure at the morphemic level must proceed to the stage of Ultimate Constituents. For example, the noun friendliness is first segmented into the ICs: [frendlÄ ±-] recurring in the adjectives friendly-looking and friendly and [-nÄ ±s] found in a countless number of nouns, such as unhappiness, blackness, sameness, etc. the IC [-nÄ ±s] is at the same time an UC of the word, as it cannot be broken into any smaller elements possessing both sound-form and meaning. Any further division of -ness would give individual speech-sounds which denote nothing by themselves. The IC(Immediate Constituents) [frendlÄ ±-] is next broken into the ICs [-lÄ ±] and [frend-] which are both UCs(Ultimate Constituents) of the word. Morphemic analysis under the method of Ultimate Constituents may be carried out on the basis of two principles: the so-called root-principle and affix principle. According to the affix principle the splitting of the word into its constituent morphemes is based on the identification of the affix within a set of words, e.g. the identification of the suffix -er leads to the segmentation of words singer, teacher, swimmer into the derivational morpheme – er and the roots teach- , sing-, drive-. According to the root-principle, the segmentation of the word is based on the identification of the root-morpheme in a word-cluster, for example the identification of the root-morpheme agree- in the words agreeable, agreement, disagree.By productive affixes we mean the ones, which take part in deriving new words in this particular period of language development. The best way to identify productive affixes is to look for them among neologisms and so-called nonce-words, i. e. words coined and used only for this particular occasion. Unproductive, non-affix morphemes that exist only in bound form are known as â€Å"cranberry† morphemes, from the à ¢â‚¬Å"cran† in that very word.

Economics and Higher Grades Essay

Should I study more in math? T-Chart Cost Benefit Less time for things I like to do. | Higher grades. | Less time for family and friends. | Increased scores in finals. | Less time to earn money. | Graduate high school and more opportunities. | 1 Explain how the concepts of scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost relate to your dilemma. For scarcity it would be that instead of me doing other things of my liking I would study, resulting in higher grades. Opportunity cost would be for example working which comes with making money and letting that go but then in the long run being able to graduate high school and have more opportunities. 2 What are the possible short-term costs and benefits? What are the possible long-term costs and benefits? Explain your answers and make sure all are listed in your chart. The short term costs would be to give up things I like in return for higher grades. Also giving up some time with friends & family would be shown in my final scores as it gives more time for studying. Also not working or making an income would take up less time and would make me be able to concentrate full time on my studies. 3. Which column has more responses? Which column has more powerful responses? Explain which points are most important to you and why. I believe the more powerful response come from the benefit as they are what I want the most and don’t really compare to the other short term effects. For example I would rather want to graduate and whatnot than to have money right now as I know it will help me in the future. 4. Based on the chart and your reflection of the above questions, what will be your final choice? Was this process helpful to you in reaching a decision? Write a brief paragraph with at least three details to persuade your instructor that this is the best decision. I would take more time to study as it pays off in the long run and would obviously be more beneficial to me than not doing it. It will also as you can see in the chart make me be able to excel more in the area’s in math I am having trouble with. I will be able to not have any trouble in passing exams, and I will be acquiring more knowledge on the subject for the future. Giving up work will also put a negative impact in short term for my wallet but it will give more time for me to acquire other knowledge on the subject.

Gun Rights Under President Bill Clinton

Gun Rights Under President Bill Clinton The administration of President Bill Clinton represented a significant shift in Democratic presidential politics in the United States. Clinton, an Arkansas governor who defeated Republican George H.W. Bush in the 1992 election, became the first Democratic presidential candidate to campaign on promises of stricter gun laws. With the exception of Lyndon B. Johnson, who made gun control a focal point of his administration upon assuming the presidency after President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, gun politics had not been a central part of any presidential administration. In what might have been gun control advocates’ brightest hour on the federal stage, Clinton lobbied for two major pieces of gun control legislation and used his executive authority to usher in additional gun control measures in what was viewed as a major setback for gun rights. The Brady Bill The Brady Bill, which made it more difficult to purchase a handgun, was a hallmark of the Clinton presidency. First introduced in 1987, the Brady Bill was named for President Ronald Reagan’s press secretary, John Brady, who was wounded in an attempt to assassinate Reagan in 1981. Brady’s wife, Sarah Brady, became a major proponent of gun control legislation following the assassination attempt, which left her husband partially but permanently paralyzed. Despite the backing of Reagan, various versions of the Brady Bill did not come seriously close to passing until the Bush administration, when Bush vetoed a version of the legislation passed by Congress. After defeating Bush in 1992, Clinton lobbied the House and Senate to send the bill back to the White House again. Congress obliged, and Clinton signed the Brady Bill into law on Nov. 30, 1993, less than one year into his presidency. The bill created a mandatory five-day waiting period after handgun purchases and required local law enforcement to run background checks on purchasers. Assault Weapons Ban Emboldened by the success of the Brady Bill, Clinton next turned his sights on an assault weapons ban, another gun control battle that had been simmering since the mid-1980s. By late summer in 1994, legislation enacting such a ban was making serious headway in Congress. On Sept. 13, 1994, Clinton signed the Assault Weapons Ban into law as part of the 1994 Crime Bill. Targeting semi-automatic weapons bearing characteristics of military guns, the AWB banned a wide range of weapons, such as the AK-47 and the AR series of rifles. Among guns outlawed by the AWB were any that included two or more of a list of characteristics ranging from telescoping stocks to bayonet mounts. Executive Measures While a Republican takeover of the House of Representatives in the 1994 midterm election hampered efforts by the Clinton White House to usher in more gun control measures, Clinton turned to his executive powers several times during his second term to tighten down on gun ownership. One such measure was an order banning the importation of more than four dozen makes of assault weapons, such as variations of the AK-47. The order, signed in 1998, targeted the importation of guns that were not subjected to the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban. Another measure was an order in the eleventh hour of Clinton’s presidency banning the importation of certain makes of so-called â€Å"assault pistols,† such as Uzis, and requiring firearms dealers to submit to fingerprinting and background checks. Finally, the White House reached a deal with firearms giant Smith Wesson in which Clinton promised an end to civil lawsuits against the gun manufacturer in exchange for Smith Wesson outfitting its guns with trigger locks and agreeing to implement â€Å"smart gun† technology within two years. Gun Crackdowns Rendered Toothless While the National Rifle Association and most American gun owners lamented the gun policies of the Clinton administration, time and the courts have rendered most of those stricter gun measures ineffective. Parts of the Brady Bill were struck down as unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2007 (although the five-day wait would have been rendered a moot point with the establishment of a national instant background check system, which soon followed). The Assault Weapons Ban was allowed to expire in 2004 when Congress failed to take up legislation that would have extended the ban or made it permanent, and Clinton’s predecessor, George W. Bush, did not lobby for the extension. And a combination of new ownership at Smith Wesson and a Bush administration crackdown on lawsuits aimed at gun manufacturers ultimately crippled the Clinton administration’s agreement with Smith Wesson, as the gun-maker backed out of most of the agreement’s provisions, including a pledge to invest in smart gun technology. The Clinton administration’s only lasting impact on gun rights are the lack of certain imports of foreign semiautomatic rifles and background checks for handgun purchases. Ironically, it was those early victories that had lost much of their effectiveness within 10 years that prevented Clinton from pushing through what might have been longer-lasting gun control measures during his second term. The Brady Bill and Assault Weapons Ban were blamed for the defeat of several Democrats who voted for them as Republicans took control of the House in 1994. As a result, Clinton’s gun control priorities in the latter years of his presidency were never able to meet the muster of Republican opposition. Among them were requirements for child trigger locks, a three-day waiting period for gun show purchases and high capacity magazine bans.

6 Ways to Use the Preposition Di in Italian

6 Ways to Use the Preposition Di in Italian While students are often taught in classrooms that the preposition â€Å"di† simply means â€Å"of†, the truth is a lot more complicated. In fact, the small, unassuming â€Å"di† can actually mean: OfFromAboutByThan 6 Common Ways to Use Di in Italian Below you’ll find the various ways that it’s used along with some examples to help you clarify how you can use it in conversation, too. 1. To Show Possession È il libro di Maria. - It’s Marias book.La nonna della mia ragazza à ¨ qua. - My girlfriend’s grandmother is here.Vado al negozio di Giovanni. - I’m going to Giovanni’s shop. â€Å"Di† can also be used to talk about creative possession in terms of the authors of books or the director of movies, like: Ho letto i libri di Rossana Campo. - I’ve read Rossana Campo’s books.Oggi leggeremo la Divina Commedia di Dante. - Today we’re going to read Dante’s Divina Commedia. 2.  To Describe What an Object Is Made Of Il tavolo di legno - Wooden tableLa spada di metallo - Metal knifeLa medaglia di bronzo - Bronze medal Note that if a material is more precious in nature, like â€Å"il marmo - marble†, then you may also use the preposition â€Å"in†. Una statua in marmo - A marble statueUna collana in oro zecchino - A pure gold necklace 3.  To Show Origin Using the Verb Essere di Nome di Citt (Name of the City) Elisa à ¨ di Napoli. - Elisa is from Napoli.Maurizio à ¨ di Prato. - Maurizio is from Prato.I Rossi sono di Catania. - The Rossis are from Catania.Sono di Portland. - I’m from Portland. 4. To Be Used With Certain Verbs Decidere di (fare qualcosa) - To decide to (do something)Avere bisogno di (fare qualcosa) - To need to (do something)Finire di (fare qualcosa) - To finish (doing something)Accorgersi di (qualcosa) - To notice (something)Innamorarsi di (qualcuno) - To be in love with (someone)Vergognarsi di (qualcosa) - To be ashamed by (something) This is not an exhaustive list of all of the verbs that are paired with the preposition â€Å"di†, but it does give you a taste of common ones. 5.  To Be Used in Fixed Phrases Di sera - During the eveningDi notte - At nightDestate - During/In the summerUn uomo di mezza et - A middle-aged manTassa di soggiorno - Visitor tax 6. To Make Comparisons Lucia à ¨ pià ¹ alta di Marco. - Lucia is taller than Marco.La mia macchina à ¨ pià ¹ bella della tua. - My car is more beautiful than yours.Susan riesce a parlare l’italiano meglio di suo marito. - Susan is able to speak Italian better than her husband. Other Common Usages of Di in Italian Di is used in a couple of other scenarios as well. To give your shoe size Porto il 39 di scarpe. - I wear size 39 shoes. To specify measurements Vorrei 400 grammi di spinaci. - I would like 400 grams of spinach. While it might seem intimidating to realize there is a ton to learn around just one preposition, take comfort in the fact that nobody learns how to use â€Å"di†, or any pieces of the Italian language, overnight. Each student will pick up a little here and little there and over time, knowledge will accumulate, so don’t feel pressured to memorize everything right now. As the Italians say, piano, piano (bit by bit).

Business Simulation Game (Individual Report) Essay

Business Simulation Game (Individual Report) - Essay Example ment of a foot-wear company operating in Europe-Africa, Latin America, Asia-Pacific and North America and the strategic decisions that the virtual company has made from its Year 10 to Year 15 of operation. The company operates in four different geographical areas; Europe-Africa, Latin America, Asia-Pacific and North America. This means the company operates in different political atmospheres. It thus has to deal with the problems and challenges of political ambiguities and turbulence. In order to create a political environment that is amenable to our business, we have pursued political risk management strategies. We have taken advantage of the growing global awareness and entered into the global market. As globalization leads to more business opportunities for our company, we have to change the roles of the business game and strategize accordingly with the changing dynamics. We appreciate that different organizational players and settings shape our business opportunities through different public policy processes in the locales that host our operations. Before settling on any particular strategy to take control of the political uncertainty, our company further considered the High Involvement Strategy. This involved contemplating the possibility of expending great resources and developing a more elaborate strategy. The strategy would be geared towards effecting the political environment in ways that would yield maximum returns to our efforts. Using this strategy, the company did not abandon the idea of networking with other similar-minded firms. Instead of coalition with like-minded firms to gain scale, the strategy would be for diverse parties to gain scope. All companies, organizations and agencies are potential members of the High Involvement Strategy. The strategy would include networking of regional, local, national, political, economic and social actors. Through frequent communication and contact, the network behaves like an information-gathering device that

Fashion Designer Term Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion Designer Project - Term Paper Example The paper "Fashion Designer Term Project" discovers such designers as Tommy Hilfiger and Kenneth Cole. Fashion designer Tommy Hilfiger born 1951 is an American citizen. He is also the founder of Tommy Hilfiger Corporation which is a first-class lifestyle brand. At 25, Hilfiger set up a shop called the peoples place in New York City. Tommy Hilfiger is considered great because the designer designs clothes for men, women and children. Furthermore, he designs accessories too. On the other hand, Tommy Hilfiger has a positive and powerful reputation internationally because his designs are classic and trendy at the same time. Due to this, majority of his designs are preferred by the elite class. This has made his designs ironically to be very popular since people admire the high quality of his designs. Tommy Hilfiger’s anesthetic characteristic that I like the most is his use of color. Tommy choice of colors is playful but serious at the same time. This is because most of his labels are all in red, blue and white. The store has some contemporary designs that were inspired by these colors and are on display. Most of the color printing done on the shirts and dresses was inspired by Tommy Hilfiger. In some respect, I assume is a representation of his country that he is so proud of, but I think it is a statement decision. The color red is bold, sexy and passionate; a statement which I think Tommy wants the client to feel when purchasing the clothes. The color blue is cool, calm and assuring a feeling.